The 13 Principles of Faith enunciated by Maimonides is the closest one can get to a list of the fundamental Jewish beliefs taught in Jewish education. These are as follows:

• The existence of God – God exists and causes everything else to exist.
• The unity and uniqueness of God – There is only one God, single, complete and indivisible. God cannot be described by attributes.
• God is not a physical being. - God has no body and Jewish beliefs prohibit depicting God in a physical form. The power of God does not stem from the power of a body.
• God is eternal. - God existed before everything and exists after everything.
• Only God should be glorified. - An admonition against idolatry, this part of Jewish beliefs prohibits glorifying anything below God like angels or heavenly bodies. All thoughts and actions should be directed only to God.
• The prophets spoke the truth. – The prophet is a man of great intelligence which becomes even greater when it is aligned to the intelligence of God thereby giving rise to prophecy.
• Moses was the greatest of the prophets. -  Moses was different from all of the prophets because he communicated with God directly and not through any intermediary like an angel.
• The written and oral Torah were given to Moses. - The Torah is entirely from God. Moses was like a scribe who wrote down everything that was told to him by God.
• There will be no other Torah. – The Torah is complete. Nothing can be added or taken away from it.
• God knows the thoughts and deeds of men. - God sees everything and does not remove His eye from them.
• God will reward the good and punish the wicked
  - Reward is bestowed in the world to come and punishment is the cutting off of the soul in the world to come.
• The Messiah will come. – Everyone should wait for the coming of the Messiah and not speculate on the time of the arrival of the Messiah.
• The dead will be resurrected. – Forty years after the return of the Messiah the dead will come to life except for saintly persons who will be resurrected immediately.

The last principle appears to be most controversial and Maimonides went to great lengths to clarify his position, wroting a Treatise on the Resurrection of the Dead twenty five years after he wrote these thirteen principles. These Jewish beliefs have been discussed, debated, analyzed and expounded upon in Jewish education through the years.